FYPv2

1.1.1 Background
ACSs have changed significantly from traditional mechanical locks and keys to sophisticated
electronic systems. Traditional access control methods like physical keys are simple and
reliable but suffer from such limitations as the inability to be remotely managed, difficulty in
replacement, lack of access logging capabilities and possible duplication. The development of
electronic access systems introduced solutions like password-protected devices, key cards, and
radio frequency identification (RFID) systems. These technologies addressed some limitations
of mechanical systems however they had their challenges. Password systems are vulnerable to
brute force attacks and social engineering whilst RFID and NFC cards typically use static
signatures that can be replicated by devices like the Flipper Zero. Visible Light Communication
(VLC) represents a new approach to wireless communication technology and could be the new
frontier in Access Control Technology. Some mobile devices have built-in NFC capabilities,
but a lot more do not. VLC ACS also poses itself as a device-wide alternative.
1.2 Problem Statement
The project seeks to address the lack of versatility in the commonly used method of access
control systems (ACS); physical keys, password-secured electronic devices, Near Field
Communication devices and RF ID-secured systems. Versatility in this case is measured by
three key metrics
i) Dynamism of the lock and key
ii) Temporary shareability of the key
iii) Replaceability of the key