Levitron. This project is a demonstration device for understanding the working principle of the hall sensor, also for considering the states of levitation of a rigid body.

Main parts of Levitron

This layout can be broken down into three main components

• Hall sensor - is the most important part of Levitrin and ensures its correct operation, in my circuit I used A3144
• Electromagnetic coil - the coil is needed to maintain a solid body (in my case, a neodymium magnet) in a state of levitation. The electromagnet was wound with a copper winding wire 0.8mm, I used 80m.
• The control board - consists of three 0.25W resistors (two of these resistors are optional, they limit the current for the LEDs), a power bipolar transistor, two LEDs showing the status of the entire device and the electromagnetic coil.

Description of the work Levitron

The hall sensor provides the basis for maintaining the magnet in a state of levitation. The sensor reacts to the appearance of a magnetic field around it, if the magnet is absent or far away, the sensor outputs the input voltage to the OUT pin. If the magnet is close to the sensor, then it stops outputting voltage to the OUT pin. The signals that are generated on the OUT pin are controlled by the gate of the power transistor. Thus, the transistor, by switching with an electromagnet, can turn the magnet on and off. These actions allow you to keep the body in a state of levitation, i.e. it is released and attracted by an electromagnet at a frequency of 20-60 Hz. In order to configure the Levitron for correct operation, you need to correctly set the hall sensor in the electromagnetic coil in place of the magnet core. This will increase the stability of the levitation state.

Levitron layout notes

• This device is powered by a constant voltage of 5-12V, the supply voltage directly depends on the size of the electromagnetic coil and the diameter of the winding wire of the coil.
• In my case, the consumption of the device was 2A, for such currents a good and powerful power transistor is required. I used the original 2n3055s connected in parallel on large heatsinks, but they overheated after 2 minutes of operation.
• For the best efficiency of the device, wind the electromagnetic coil with a wire of 0.3-0.4 mm.
• For a stable state of levitation, attach a piece of thick paper to the magnet (observe the correct polarity). This will stabilize the state of levitation.

https://github.com/Nemo-37/Electromagnetic/issues/4